{"id":230,"date":"2020-08-13T12:19:59","date_gmt":"2020-08-13T18:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/?p=230"},"modified":"2020-09-10T12:24:59","modified_gmt":"2020-09-10T18:24:59","slug":"6-the-transactional-blank-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/6-the-transactional-blank-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"6: The transactional blank II"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/5-the-transactional-blank-i\/\">Last week<\/a> in this space, we discussed the ritual of Rachel Homan&#8217;s opponents throwing their first shot in the rings when they didn&#8217;t have hammer in the first end. This puts the end on the road to the transactional blank, where both teams play a series of routine hits to produce a score of zero. It&#8217;s the worst part of competitive curling for the viewer and should probably be outlawed. It&#8217;s the equivalent of starting a basketball game with five minutes of passing drills or a football game with seven minutes of kneel-downs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I guess there&#8217;s no easy way to prohibit it and far be it for me in my sixth blog post to suggest major rules changes to a centuries-old sport. It would be best for everyone if the approach just disappeared due to natural causes. We saw that when playing top teams, blanking the first end gives the team with last rock a slight boost in win probability, so it would seem that cooperating in a blank is counterproductive for the non-hammer team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this strategy &#8211; if one can call it that &#8211; is still employed a lot and when it is, there are two common reasons given for the non-hammer team&#8217;s approach by the Russ Howards and Cheryl Bernards of the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>The team wants to get comfortable with the ice<\/li><li>The team wants to save time on the clock by playing a simple end<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>While these seem like good reasons, I&#8217;m skeptical of both. In terms of figuring out the ice, both teams have an equal opportunity to do that, so we need a good reason why one team will get more benefit than its opponent. And the second point faces a similar challenge. Does saving time on the clock benefit you more than your opponent? If so, maybe work on your ability to manage the clock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The real problem is that history indicates that blanking the first end helps the hammer team slightly. And the two variables mentioned are baked in to the historical analysis. So you have to convince yourself that you&#8217;ll benefit from either of those two factors by more than the 2-to-3 percent that the blank is typically worth to the hammer team, <em>and<\/em> in a way that past teams using the strategy didn&#8217;t benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With respect to playing Rachel Homan specifically, there&#8217;s a theory in poker that if you sit down at the table and can&#8217;t figure out who the fish is, it&#8217;s probably you. As mentioned last week, no team in the world blanks the first end with hammer more often than Homan. So if you are willing to play along with a strategy that Homan clearly prefers, you should ask yourself why you&#8217;re so sure it will put her at a disadvantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That said, there&#8217;s another reason the non-hammer team might find the blank appealing, especially as an underdog. As commenter Chris noted in the last piece, there&#8217;s a theory that you&#8217;re shortening the game. In timed sports like basketball and football, strategies to run the clock ensure there will be fewer chances for the favorite to show its superior skill. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what shortening the game is really about in those sports is increasing variance and I think the path to doing that is a little more complicated in curling. Clearly, you&#8217;d rather play 10 ends against Homan than 16, but based on history, shortening the game only has benefits for the team with hammer. This is a topic that deserves its own post at some point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is one possible legitimate reason I can think of to throw the first shot in the rings, however. While I call it the &#8220;transactional&#8221; blank (as distinguished from the strategic blank, which often involves some skilled shot-making), it&#8217;s not merely a transaction, even for the best teams. Mistakes are often made, and if the hammer team makes mistakes often enough, then throwing into the rings on the first shot can be the right approach in the long run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given our win probability analysis, the hammer team gains 2.4% from a blank and loses 4.5% from a force in the first end. If both teams execute their hits up to the final shot and our opponent hits and sticks on their last rock more than 35% of the time, the non-hammer team gains some win probability over the long term. In fact, the threshold could be lower than that since blank and force aren&#8217;t the only two possibilities. Our opponent could also flash, producing a steal giving us a 15% boost in win probability. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now the observant reader might say, &#8216;a player like Homan never flashes in that situation&#8217;. Well, I&#8217;ve got news for you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"2020 STOH Finals - Homan vs Duncan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/d_X6NAQa6rU?start=883&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To be fair, Homan&#8217;s playing a hit-and-stick there and thus less weight than if she wanted to hit and roll out. In true hit-and-roll situations, she was successful on 16 of 19 attempts (84%) by my count, with all three misses resulting in forces after the shooter stayed in the rings. Far from perfect, but seemingly enough to deter the transactional blank approach based on our back-of-the-envelope math.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s true Rachel probably never flashes when trying to get the blank, but it&#8217;s also true you can put together a decent-length video of her team making mistakes in the first end. And the reason I know this is that I have watched every one of Homan&#8217;s first ends with hammer that is available on YouTube since 2015. (These may not be all of them, so if you find others let me know and I&#8217;ll update the list. I&#8217;m excluding Continental Cup games since they are not eligible for points in the order of merit and feel like games where little is at stake.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are those ends along with whether the opponent&#8217;s first shot went into the rings and the eventual score for the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted large-table\"><strong>Yr Event             Round  Opponent    In Rings?   Score<\/strong>\n20 Scotties          3\/4    McCarville     Yes        0\n20 Scotties          Pool   McCarville     Yes       +2\n20 Ontario Scotties  Finals Duncan         Yes       -1\n20 Ontario Scotties  Pool   Murphy         Yes*       0\n20 Ontario Scotties  Pool   Froud          Yes       +2\n<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">19 Canada Cup        Finals Fleury         No        +1<\/span>\n19 Scotties          Pool   Jones          Yes*       0\n18 Canada Cup        Pool   Flaxey         Yes        0\n18 World Cup Suzhou  Final  Hasselborg     Yes*       0\n17 Worlds            Final  Sidorova       Yes        0\n\n17 Worlds            1\/2    Sidorova       Yes        0\n17 Worlds            Pool   Sidorova       Yes       +3\n17 Worlds            Pool   Muirhead       Yes        0\n17 Worlds            Pool   Gaspari        Yes        0\n17 Scotties          SF     McCarville     Yes        0\n17 Scotties          SF     McCarville     Yes        0\n17 Scotties          Pool   B\u00e9lisle        Yes        0\n<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">17 Scotties          Pool   Carey          No        +1<\/span>\n17 Ontario Scotties  Pool   Auld           Yes       +1\n17 Roar of the Rings Pool   Sweeting       Yes       +1\n\n17 Roar of the Rings Pool   Tippin         Yes       +2\n17 Roar of the Rings Pool   McCarville     Yes        0\n17 Roar of the Rings SF     Jones          Yes        0\n<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">16 CanadInns Classic Pool   Sigfridsson    No        +2\n16 Canada Cup        SF     Einarson       No        +1\n<\/span>16 Canada Cup        Pool   Carey          Yes        0\n15 Canada Cup        Final  Sweeting       Yes        0\n<span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">15 Canada Cup        Pool   Sweeting       No        +4\n15 Prairie Showdown  Pool   Scheidegger    No        +2\n15 Scotties          Pool   Sweeting       No        -1\n<\/span>15 Scotties          Pool   Lawton         Yes        0\n*Call was guard but shot ended up in the rings<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s 31 ends of curling and in 24 of them the opponent offered the blank with their first shot (though at least three times it was by accident). That gives us a chance to see the distribution of outcomes when a Homan opponent puts the first rock in (and when it doesn&#8217;t). Here&#8217;s the summary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><strong>        First rock\nScore  Rings Guard  WPA(%)\n<\/strong> -1      1     1    -14.9\n  0     17     0     +2.4\n +1      1     3     -4.5\n +2      4     2    +14.9 \n +3      1     0    +22.0\n +4      0     1    +34.0<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>WPA is the win probability added for each score based on our analysis of games between top 15 teams from the previous post. So each steal of one in the first end decreases the hammer&#8217;s win probability by 14.9%. Each blank improves the hammer&#8217;s win probability by 2.4%, etc. You can read the rest. Please note the values for +3 and +4 are estimates due to their rarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we average the results for each choice, we don&#8217;t see a definitive difference in the strategies. When the opponent throws in, Homan gains an average of 4.3% per end, and when a guard is thrown, Homan gains 5.1%. With just seven cases of the latter, we don&#8217;t have nearly enough data to draw any conclusions, especially given the win probability estimates for each score are based on limited data themselves. Homan&#8217;s score of four against Sweeting in the 2015 Canada Cup is really doing some heavy lifting for that approach. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look at it another way: In just two of the 24 ends with the first stone in the rings was there a force\/steal, while four of the seven guards produced a force\/steal. And if Homan just makes the hit-and-stick against Duncan and gets her deuce instead of giving up one, she would have averaged a 5.5% gain on the cases where the first rock went in. When one shot can make that big of a difference we need more data. It&#8217;s safe to say we have a ways to go before we can back the overwhelming preference of Homan&#8217;s opponents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While I come away from this exercise still wishing the first-end blank would go away, I have a greater appreciation for the transactional blank process after watching a bunch of first ends play out. In 26% of the cases where the opponent threw in against Homan, there actually wasn&#8217;t a blank. And surely that percentage increases as skill level decreases. (This is why the transactional blank isn&#8217;t a thing in beginner&#8217;s league.) But the mistakes benefited Homan five out of seven times. If you&#8217;re going to try to blank Homan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r6l_9reaLz0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">you best not miss<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An interesting background influence on this approach is that women in general prefer to blank the first end more than men, despite men generating significantly more blanks from the third end on. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This chart only includes data for games scheduled for 10 ends&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/blanks-e1597299888450.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-252\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After all of this, we&#8217;re back where we started. The non-hammer team likes to blank the first end against Homan an awful lot considering there&#8217;s flimsy evidence indicating it&#8217;s obviously the optimal approach. Remarkably, opponents think Homan is the fish in the first end. History doesn&#8217;t provide a conclusive verdict on that view, and unless more of Homan&#8217;s opponents have the guts throw a guard with their first shot, we may never know for sure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Update! <\/strong>Thanks to commenter Johan for pointing out the shot descriptions for the Grand Slam events at CurlingZone. That provides us with a lot more data. The additional games are listed at the end, but here&#8217;s the summary now including the slams.<\/p>\n\n\n<pre><strong>        First rock<\/strong><br><strong>Score  Rings Guard  WPA(%)<\/strong><br> -2      1     2    -25.0<br> -1      1     6    -14.9<br>  0     35     7     +2.4<br> +1      7     8     -4.5<br> +2      8     7    +14.9 <br> +3      2     1    +22.0<br> +4      0     1    +34.0<\/pre>\n\n\n<p>The tally on win probability is that Homan gains 3.3% on average when the first rock is in the rings and just 0.5% when it&#8217;s a guard. It&#8217;s still close, but there are enough cases now (54 in the rings and 32 guards) where it&#8217;s safe to say that throwing in the rings is <em>not clearly<\/em> the best strategy. It&#8217;s also interesting that the difference between a guard and a shot in the rings is almost the same as the value of a first-end blank with hammer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the additional individual cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group large-table\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted rich-text block-editor-rich-text__editable large-table\"><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Yr Event             Round  Opponent    In Rings?   Score<\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted rich-text block-editor-rich-text__editable large-table\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 Masters           Pool   Paetz          No        +1<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 Masters           Pool   Rocque         No        +3<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 Masters           Pool   Muirhead       No        +3 <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 Masters           Pool   Jones          No        -1 <\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 Masters           Pool   Flaxey         No        -1<\/span><br>16 Tour Challenge    Pool   Ogasawara      Yes        0<br>16 Tour Challenge    Pool   Fleury         Yes       +1<br>16 Tour Challenge    QF     Englot         Yes       +2<br>16 National          Pool   Carey          Yes       +3<br>16 National          Pool   McCarville     Yes       +1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted large-table\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 National          Pool   Flaxey         No        +2<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">16 National          Pool   Fleury         No        +2<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17 Canadian Open     Pool   Harrison       No        -2<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17 Canadian Open     Pool   Sidorova       No         0<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17 Canadian Open     TB     Harrison       No        +1<\/span><br>17 Players           Pool   Wang           Yes       +1<br>17 Players           QF     Sweeting       Yes        0<br>17 Champions Cup     Pool   Schiedegger    Yes        0<br>17 Champions Cup     Pool   Sweeting       Yes       +1<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17 Champions Cup     Pool   Einarson       No        -1<\/span><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted large-table\">17 Champions Cup     QF     Jones          Yes        0<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17 Tour Challenge    Pool   Harrison       No        +1<\/span><br>17 Tour Challenge    Pool   Wang           Yes       +1<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17 Tour Challenge    Pool   Muirhead       No        +1<\/span><br>17 Masters           Pool   Englot         Yes       -2<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">17 National          Pool   Harrison       No        +2<\/span><br>17 National          Pool   Einarson       Yes       +2<br>17 National          Pool   Englot         Yes        0<br>18 Players           Pool   Roth           Yes        0<br>18 Champions Cup     Pool   Feltscher      Yes        0<br><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 Champions Cup     Pool   Paetz          No        -2<\/span><br>18 Masters           Pool   Fleury         Yes        0<br>18 Masters           Pool   Einarson       Yes       +1<br>18 Masters           Pool   K Jones        Yes        0<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 Masters           QF     Robertson      No        -1<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 Masters           SF     Carey          No        +2<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 Masters           Final  Hasselborg     No        +1<\/span><br>18 Tour Challenge    Pool   Sinclair       Yes        0<br>18 Tour Challenge    Pool   Christensen    Yes        0<br>18 Tour Challenge    Pool   Carey          Yes        0<br><br>18 Tour Challenge    QF     Walker         Yes        0<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 Tour Challenge    SF     Roth           No         0<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 National          Pool   Harrison       No         0<\/span><br>18 National          Pool   Muirhead       Yes        0<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 National          Pool   Einarson       No        -1<\/span><br>18 National          QF     Harrison       Yes        0<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 National          SF     Jones          No         0<\/span><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">18 National          Final  Einarson       No         0<\/span><br>19 Players           Pool   Silvernagle    Yes        0<br>19 Players           Pool   Stern          Yes       +2<br><br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">19 Players           TB     Fujisawa       No         0<\/span><br>19 Masters           Pool   Yoshimura      Yes       +2<br>19 Masters           Pool   Stern          Yes        0<br>19 National          Pool   Yoshimura      Yes        0<br><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">19 National          Pool   Silvernagle    No         0<\/span><\/pre>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last week in this space, we discussed the ritual of Rachel Homan&#8217;s opponents throwing their first shot in the rings when they didn&#8217;t have hammer in the first end. This puts the end on the road to the transactional blank, where both teams play a series of routine hits to produce a score of zero. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":366,"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230\/revisions\/366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doubletakeout.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}